Machine lathe



March 4 1924. ,'485,3'83

P. M. FOWL. ET Al.

MACHINE LATI-IE Filed March 26. 1919 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 4 1924.V 1,485,383

P. M. FQwl. ET AL MACHINE LATHE Filed March ze. 1919 7 sheets-sheet 2 March" 4 1924. 1385383 P. M. Fowl. ET AL MACHINE LATHE Filed March 2e, 1919 7 sheets-sheet s 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 March 4;l 1924.`

P. M. FOWL ET AL MACHINE LATHE Filed March 26 1919 March l4 14924.

P. MQ Fowl. ET Al.

MACHINE LATH med March 2e.A 1919 7 sheets-sheet 5 lllllwT-IFII HH...,.......H...........1Y....

jme/75h51 Patented Mar. 4, 1924.

caire sraras MACHINE LATHE.

Appunti@ aiea umn as, 1919. miei an. seams.

tended to provide a lathe of maximum ac- 20 curacy and durability by reason of reduction in friction and wear; and to provide for convenience in adjustment and operation and for highly accurate and sensitive operation at high speeds and under automatic control to such extent as may be desired. Other objects of the invention will appear t o those skilled in the art from the following de-Y scription.

In the drawings: u

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation viewed from thev right of Fig. 1. v

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 4, 3- i, of Fig. 1, looking from left to right 1n Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line 3 4,

3 4,- of Fig. 1, viewed from right to left in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a detail vertical section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a detail horizontal section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section'on the plane indicated by the lines 7 7 in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the plane indicated by the lines 8 8 in Figs. '1, 2, 3 and 4.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail front eleva tion of the tool carriers showing them in one cooperative relationship.

Figs. 10 and 11 are views similar to Fig.

'34 threaded upon 9, showing the tive relationshi Fig. 12 is a line 12 12 of Fig. 8. K

Referring to the drawings, the illustrative construction comprises the lathe spindle disposed upon a vertical axis, and a tailstock 21 of any suitable construction which may be employed or not as desired.v

e manner in which the spindle 20 is mounted exemplifies an importantphase of the invention.

As shown on an enlarged scale in Fig. 4 the bearing for the u pper end of the spindle comprises a bushing 22 and a sleeve 23, the latter mounted upon the frame casting 24 of the machine preferablyby fitting in a cylindrical seat in said castin as indicated at 25, the walls of said seat being braced by webs 26 of the frame casting. The convex outer surface of the sleeve 23 is preferably cylindrical, while its inner concave surface is of inverted cone shape. The outer face of the bushing 22 is preferably corres ondingly conical and the bushing is split w oll or partially so as to permit its interior diameter to be contracted when the bushing is forced downwardly in its rusto conical support in the sleeve 23. The up er extremity of the bushing may be threaded for a nut 27 and its lower .extremity may be a nut 28.

The bearing for the lower extremity of the A c I parts in successive cooperas threaded for etailed vertical section on a spindle comprises the webbed castin 30 su porting a sleeve or bushing 31 in w ich t e spindleV 30 turns. Beneath the casting 30.is a ball bearing 32 and a pair of nuts 33 and the spindle, the nut 34 serving as a lock nut. The ball bearin 32 may comprise opposed washers and a bal retainer as shown. Above the casting 30 is a ball bearing 35 and a air of nuts 36, 37 threaded on the spindle e nut 37 serving as a lock nut.

The spindle 20 is rotated in its bearings bearing 35 which and the end thrust of the work caused b cutting tool, are a'll sustained by the ba is of course durable and wears evenly with no eiect except a tendency to lower the spindle slightly in a vertical d1- rection. That tendenc may be compensated and the wear rea ily taken up by adjusting the nuts33, 34 and 36 37 so. that the entire wear resulting from the welght and end thrust of the heavy spindle and work ma be rendered negligible.

n im ortant consideration is this:

The e ect of gravity and end thrust on the s indle and work produces wear only in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spindle, and does not tend in any degree to wear the spindle or itsbearings' unsymmetrically so as to displace lts axis of rotation or to loosen the bearings or to change the relationship of the tool carriers and t e axis of rotation of the work. These circumstances contribute an important character of dependable and durable accuracyl of operation.

It is preferred to employ two tools or two sets of t'ools acting upon opposite sides of I the work rotated `b the spindle 20, and

when so arranged t e working thrusts of the respective tools or sets of tools tend to compensate. Hence the tendency to wear the upper bearing of the spindle 2O in an uns mmetrical manner is minimized. To suc an extent as it mayx be necessary to compensate for wearof t the split or partially split bus ing 22 may be forced downwardly in its conical seat so that itsinner surface shall be symmetrically contracted.

With the described arrangement the end thrust on the spindle 20 vand also the weight of the spindle and the work, are taken up by the same ball bearing 35 which wears symmetricall and'is readily adjustable to compensate or wear. The relatively slight tendency to wear in a horizontal direction at'the upper bearing of the spindle, may be taken up by adjusting the bushing 22. Obviously this organization insures the rotation of the spindle and work on a fixed axis at all times and contributes a reliable and permanent accuracy of operation.

The spindle 20 is rotated through a bevel gear 39, fixed on the spindle, which is driven by a bevel gear 40 xed on a shaft 41 which is mounted in bearings in the frame casting. On theouter end of the shaft 41 is a gear 42 shown in side elevation in Fig. 2. The gear 42 meshes with an idle intermediate gear 43 driven by a gear 44 mounted on the main shaft 45 which. at its opposite end from the gear 44 carries the belt pulley 46.

The idle gear 43 ismounted on a stub carried in a sector 46a projecting from a hub rotatably mounted on the shaft 45. The

Ae upper bearing,

sector 46 has a slot 47 traversed by a clamping bolt 48 in the frame, by which the sector 46a may be clamped in any desired ad'usted position. The gear 42 is made readily removable from its shaft 41 so that it may be replaced by a gear'of different size, the described arrangement of the sector 46 and gear 43 being such that the latter may be adjusted in pro er position to mesh with whatever desire size of gear is placed on the shaft 41. This arrangement admits of a change in the operating speed of the shaft 41 and spindle 20, by the very simple expedient of c anging the gearl 42 and adjusting the gear 43 to suit the diameter of the newly inserted gear. i

The gears 42, 43 and 44 ma be enclosed in a housing as indicated in ig. 1.

Thus the vertically disposed spindle may be driven at a selected s eed and its rotation will be maintained e ectually on a oonstant axis without material ten'dency to deviate from that axis by reason of gravity or other wear-inducing iniuence.

Referring to Figs. 1, and 9 provision is made for a tool at one side of the work .to travel in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the work; while a tool at the opposite side moves in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation of the work; or if preferred both tools may be moved parallel to said axis.

A tool carrier 50 is shown as mounted upon a heavy vertically movable carriage shown as a bar 51, cylindrical in cross-section and mounted in extensive bearings in lthe upper frame casting 52 and also in extensive bearings in the ower frame casting. The tool carrying bar 51 is verticall movable in its bearings and, being vertica ly disosed, it has no tendency to wear its bearlngs unsymmetrically by reason of gravity. The extensive area of its bearings renders its accurate alignment extremely durable against the comparatively slight wearing tendencies caused by the transverse thrust of the tool or tools mounted thereon.

Thus the respective mountings of the spindle 20 and tool carrying bar 51, according to this invention, insure, with great durability, a substantially perfect and permanent relative alignment of the. axis of rotation of the Work and the axis of movement of the tool carrier, the tendency of gravity to disturb that alignment being negligible and therefore permittin the various arts to be made as large and heavy as esired for stability and accuracy without correspondingly increasing wear.

In the illustrative machine the tool carrying bar 51 is fed downwardl by powerl during the cutting operation o its tool or tools, and after com letion of a cutting operation, the bar 51 isreturned upwardly lathe spindle` 20.

Messes to its starting point by means of a counter weight 53 shown in Fig. 3.

Forgthe purpose of m1.;- downwardly its lower end ig. 3. formed thereon a rack 54 engaged b a inion 55, mounted on a shaft 56 to whic is ed a worm ear 57 (Fig. 4. driven by a worm 58 on a s aft 59 mounte in the frame casting and havin at its outer end a gear 60 meshing with t e ear 70 on a shaft 71 having at its inner en meshes with a bevel gear 73 fixed upon the Thus the rotation of the spindle 20and its bevel gear 73 drives the gear 72, shaft 71, gear 70, gear 60, shaft 59, worm 58, worm gear 57 and therethrough the shaft 56 and pinion 55 which meshes with the feeding rack of the tool carrying bar 51.

Referring now to Fi 5 and 6, the pinion 55 is loose on the sha:S 56 but is arranged t0 be clutched to and unclutched from said shaft at desired times. The outer end of the pinion 55 forms one member 80, of a crown clutch, the other member 81 'being slidably keyed to the shaft 56 as shown in Fig. 5. A spring 82, interposed between the pinion 55 and the clutch 81 tendsfto hold the two out of clutch and render the pinion merely idle on the shaft4 56, in which case the bar 51 is permitted free vertical movement and may be lifted b the counter weightt 50. When desired owever, the clutch member 81 is thrown into clutch with the teeth on the outer end of the pinion 55,

and is held in that position by means 'of a latch 83 pivoted at 84 on the frame, and pressed by a spring 85 into latching engagement with a. lug 86 on a yoke 87 having rollers which engage an annular groove in the clutch member 81. The yoke 87 has an extension 88 pivoted on a vertical axis t0 the frame, and has another eXtensiOn suplying a hand operated shipping lever 89.

y throwing the shipping lever 89 toward the left' in Fig. l, the yoke 87 is rocked toward the left 1n Fig. 5'so as to compress the spring 82, throw the clutch member 81 into clutch with the pinion 55, and at the same time latch the lug 86 'beneath the spring pressedlatch 83 which holds the arts in clutch. When thus clutched the I'ive of the machine described above causes the pin ion 55 to feed .the tool carrying bar 51 downwardly at whatever speed is determined by the gearing interposed between the drivin beve gear 73, xed on the spindle 20, an the shaft 56.A The speed of feeding movement of the tool carrying bar 51 may be changed t removin the gears 60 and 70 and replacing them y two gears of a different ratio. The gears' 60 and-70 are made readily removable to suit this purpose.`

In order to provide for returnin the tool carrying bar 51 upwardly after it as coma bevel gear 72 which pleted a downward cutting operation, provisin is made for automatically unclutching the feeding pinion 55 from the clutch member 81 when 'the bar 51 has reached a desired predetermined point in its downward movement, For this purpose'means is provided for disengaging the latch 83 from the lug 86 to permit the spring 82 to throw' the member 81 out of clutch. The latch 83 is so disenga ed by means of ak plunger 90 mounted to side verticall in the frame of the machine and norma ly upheld by a spring 91. The upper end of the plunger 90 stands inthe path of a collar 92 adjustably fixed on the tool carry-ing bar 51. rlhe collar is adjusted on the bar 51 in such a position 'c that it will contact the unship the latch 83 at exactly the desired termination of thedownward feedin movement of the bar 51; and when the atch 83 with the upper end iof is unshipped, the clutch member 81 is 'im-l vmediately 82, the pinion 55 is thereupon rendered idle thrown out of clutch by thespring upon the shaft 56 and the bar 51 is permitted to be drawn upwardly by its counter'.

weight, until a stop collar 95 adjustably lixed on the bar 51 contacts with a sto face 96 on the frame casting 52 and there y arrests the bar 51 against further upward movement.' Thus the adjustable collars 92 and 96 determine adjustably, the two limits of vertical travel of the bar 51. When the bar has been returned to the uppermostv limit of its movement, the clutch 81 will remain out of clutch until thrownin again by manipulation of the hand-'shipping lever 89, but when the shipping lever is ,thrownV in, the downward feed of the bar 51 will recommence.

In the illustrative machine a second tool cari-yin bar 100 is provided; it is vertically dis ose in extensive bearings at its upper en in the frame casing 52 and at its lower end in the lower part of the frame. The bar 100 carries a tool `carrier 101.-

The lower end of the bar 100 may be given the form of a rack to cooperate with a pinion 102 (Fig. 7) mounted loosely on the shaft 56, andarranged to be clutched thereto and unclutched therefrom by a clutching mechanism like that already described in 102 will be used only for adjusting t e bar 100 downwardly and therefore the clutch., member 104 may be held out of clutching engagement by a spring (not shown)A like the spring82 of the other clutch; and the clutch member 104 may beheld in engagement bymeans of the shipping lever 105,

plunger 90, drive it downwardly and I desired to move the bar 100 down- The bar 100 may be moved upby a counter-weight 108 shown 1n when it is wardly. wardly Fig.v 4.

Obviously if desired the automatic revers-` ing mechanism comprising the latch 83, the plunger 90, aud collar 92 may be duplicated 1n connection with the bar 100 and the clutch member 101 to provide for automatically reversing the movement of the bar 100.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the machine provides. means for movmg either or both of the tool carrying bars 51 and 100 upwardly or downwardly, whether for producing cutting feed of a tool or tools, or for purposes of adjustment, these means being illustrated by the counter-weights for moving the respective bars upwardly and the driven shaft 56 to which either or both of the bars 51 and 100 may be coupled for moving them downwardly. In addition to those means for moving the bars, it is desirable to provide an additional hand adjust- 57 and worm 58 which would otherwise prevent rotation of the shaft 56 by the hand operation of the shaft 112. For this purpose a clutch 115 is provided (see Fig. 4) between the shaft 56 and worm gear 57; this may be an expansion clutch operated by the shaft 116 having the squared end 117 to receive a wrench or handle. By these means the shaft 56 may be unclutched from the worm gear 57 when it is desired te adjust by hand one or both the bars 51 and 100; and the shaft 56 and worm gear 57 may be clutched for rotating the shaft 56 by power. As already described, either the bar 51,0r the Y bar 100 or both may be coupled up with the CFI shaft 56, either for the hand or the power operation.

To suit the particular character of the tool carriers, and for the novel cooperation about to be described, it is assumed that in the use of the illustrative machine, the bar 100 remains stationary (except for vertical adustment) and that the tool carrying bar 51 is fed downwardly from the position shown in Fig. 1 (i. e., the upper limit of movement allowed by the adjustment of the collar 95) to a lower-most position in which the collar 92 operates the unlatching plunger 90 to unclutch the downward power feed of the bar 51.

In this operation of the machine, it is aeaccuses sumed that the tools on the carrier 10i, are v desired to move transversely of the work while the tool or tools of the carrier 50 move in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the work. One of the im ortant features of this invention is exempli ed in the illustrative cooperation of these two tool carriers by which the downward movement of the carrier 50 is enabled to regulate or control or actuate the transverse movement ofthe tools on the carrier 101.

These tool carriers are shown infront elevation in Fig. 1 and on an enlar ed scale in Figs. 9, 10, and 11; and are s own in plan view, partly in section, in Fig. 8. They are aiso shown, the carrier 50 in side elevation in Fig. 3, and the carrier 101 in side elevation in Fig. 4.

Referring to the carrier 50, it com rises a tool clamping plate 120 of any suitab e character mounted on a slide 121, dove-tailed to the base 122 of the carrier. The slide 121, is movable horizontally to adjust the tool toward and from the work in any suitable manner as by means of a hand-wheel 123.

As shown in Fig. 8, the base 122 of the tool carrier is provided with an inte al sleeve 124 encircling the tool carrying ar 51 and that sleeve may be slit and rovided with a tightening screw 125. The ase 122 is also strongly webbed as at 126 to render the base as a whole stable and stii, and projecting from the casting for the base 122 is an abutment 127 which rests and slides vertically against a smooth track 128 rovided on the main frame standard 130 1g. 2) of the machine. This frame standard 130 being absolutely rigid and solid, supplies a rigid support for the abutment 127 against which the abutment rests under the working thrust of the tool and its carrier.

As shown in Fig. 8, the abutment 127I with a substantial area of bearin against the track 128 is located in a direct dine with the thrust of the work 160 against the tool 131 as the werk rotates in the direction of the arrow 132. In the speciiic construction a plane, tangent to the cylindrical work at the point o application of the tool 131, passes through the bearing area of the abutment 127 against the track 128,. Consequently there is a direct transmission o the thrust on the tool to a solid and rigid support by the abutment 127 and the track 128, through the rigid tool carrier. The track 128 extends vertically through the path of travel of the tool carrier 50; and the abutment 127 has a vertical width, substantially equal to the entire vertical width or the tool carrier, so that the bearing area of the abutment 127 against the track 128 is ve considerable and ail'ords a durable and rlgid means of sustaining the working thrust of the tool.

A bar 135 having the cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. l8, partl overlies the abut relation to the track 128. Bolted to the casting of the tool carrier base 122 is a cam plate 137 which may govern the operation of the tools on the' other tool carrier as pres'- entl described.

T e second tool carrier 101 which is mounted on the'bar 100 has a tool clam ing plate 140 bolted to a slide 141 which is ovetailed-.to the base 142 of the tool carrier. In

the base 142, and extending horizontally therethrough, is a slideway 143 ,which -receives a sllding plunger 144. The plunger 144 contains a nut 145 which receives a screw 146v provided with a squared extension 147 toA receive a hand-wheel, the screw bein jou'rnaled in a block 148, bolted to the too carryingslde 141. When the slidmg plunber 144 is held stationary the turning of the hand-wheelv147 will adjust the tool carrying slide 141 horizontally toward and from the work; and similarly, when such adjustment 'has been made, the slidin plunger 144 may be slid endwise in the sli eway 143 to move through the screw 146, the slide 141 toward and from and into desired relation with the work. For so moving the sliding lunger 144, a lever 150 is provided pivotedp at 151 on the main casting of the tool carrier, the forked end 152 of the lever 150 engaging a pin 153 fixed in the end of the sliding pluner 144. Referring to Fig. 8, rocking the ever 150 in a clockwise direction will move the'tool slide 141 and the tool 154 horizontally away from the work. As shown in Fig. 8, the lever 150 stands at the limit of its contra-clockwise movement and the tool stands at the corresponding limit of its movement toward the right.

The end of thelever 150 o poste the pin 153 is also forked at 156 an en ages a pin 157 in a second slide 158 locate in a slideway in the main casting of the tool carrier; and at the right hand end ofthe slide 158 (Fig. 8) is a roller 159 arran ed to cooperate with the cam plate 137 w ich is on the other tool carrier 50. Gbviously the relative motion of the tool carrier 50 and of the tool carrier 101 may be such that the cam 137 acting on the roller 159, willcause the slide 158 to move inwardly in any desired manncraccording to the pattern of the cam so as to cause a corresponding progressive cutting actioninto the work by the tool or tools mounted under the clamping plate 140.

One illustrative manner of cooperation between'the carriers for the purpose just suggested is indicated in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, wherein it is assumed that a casting for an explosive engine piston is about to be operatedl on. The piston casting is shown at 160, secured in any suitable manner to the Aspindle 20. It is assumed that the casting 160 is to be turned to desired cylindricall form and diameter by the tool 131 on the tool carrier 50; that theupper end of the piston is to be finished by a tool 154, on th'etool carrier 101; and that two grooves are to be formed in the piston by the tools 162 and 163, respectively, also mounted on the 4tool carrier101. To suit these purposes, the

several tools occupy the positions shown in Fig. 9 preparatory to the beginning of the cutting operation; and during the cutting the tool carrying bar 51 is moved' downwardly from the position shown until the tool 131 shallhave traversed and nished the entire vertical length of the casting 160. At different stages of this vertical movement of the tool 131, it is desired that the tools 154, 162, land 163, on the other tool carrier, perform their operations. The tool actuat- 1ng` roller .159 is shown in Fig. 9 at the extreme of its outward movement with its slide 158, i. e., at the right hand extremity of its movement in Fig. 9. If the roller 159 and its slide 158 be forced toward the left in Fi 9, or inwardly, at the roper times, the too 154, 162, and 163, will be moved toward, and will be caused to perform their proper cutting opleration on, the casting 160. To produce t isy desired inward movement of the roller 159 and.its slide 158, the cam 137 is given the shape shown in Fig. 9. As'there indicated the roller 159 is in its preliminary contact with the lowermost portion of the cam 137. From that point upwardly to a point 165, the cam has an oblique path so that in the downward movement of the tool carrier 50 said cam will force the slide 158 to the left, and the tool 154 toward the right so as to cut pro ssively from the periphery of the circu ar top surface of the casting 162 toward the center thereof, as indicated by the change in relation of the tool 154 and the casting 160 Afrom the osition shown in Fig. 9 to that shown in ig. 10. By the time the downward movement of the tool carrier 50 brings the tool 131 into the position shown in Fig. 10, the upper portion of the casting 160 will have been finished throughout that cylindrical area upon which the tools 162 and 163 are intended to operate and therefore when the point 165 of the cam 137 reaches the roller 159, the further downward progression of the cam will move the tools 162 and 163 into their cutting operation on the piston casting 160. Because the tools V162 and 163 are cutting directly into and grooving the casting 160, it may be desired that their feeding movement during the cutting be slower than was the movement of the tool 154 during its operation of finishing the top surface of the piston. 'Therefore the cam 137 may have aless 'abrupt rise from the point 165 to the point 167 as shown on the drawings so that that rise between said points will move the roller 159 and its slide 1,58 inwardly less rapidly and at only such speed as is appropriate to the character of the cutting operation performed by the tools 162 and 163.

The termination of the cutting operations on the casting 160 finds the parts in the positions showny in Fig. 11 wherein the roller 159 has reached the idle dwell 169 of the cam 137. At this point the collar 92 on the tool carrying bar 51 will have reached a position to depress the shipping plun er 90 to unship the latch 83 (Fig. 1) and t ereby unclutch the feeding inion from its driving shaft whereupon the bar 51 will be returned upwardly by its counter-weight until the collar 95 contacts with the stop-face 96 (Fig. 9). When the cam 137 is thus withdrawn u wardly with the tool carrier, it leaves the sllde 158-free to be moved outwardly, thereby permitting the tools 154, 162, and 163, to be retracted from the work by the spring 170 (Fig. 8) preparatory to another cutting operation.

It will be evident to those skilled .in the art that the attrn of the cam 137 may be varied at will)to suit any desired cooperative relation between the relative movement of one tool carrier, and the other, the foregoing description serving to exemplify merely one species of such cooperation.

After a cutting operation has been completed as indicated in Fig. 11, it may be desired to withdraw the tool 131 slightly so th at it will not contact with the work during its return upward movement. The present illustrative machine has means for thus with- Vdrawing tool 131. l

Referring to Fig. 8 the tool carrier 121 isy rovided with a screw 200 mounted in a racket 201 on the slide 121 and confined by collars 202 and 203 against endwise movement in that bracket. The screw 200 threads into a block 204 which is mounted in the base 122 of the tool carrier. rier base 122 receives the block 204 in a slideway (see Fi 8) which permits a limited movement o the block 204 in a direction lengthwise of the screw 200. When said block stands near the lefthand limit of its movement in Fig. 8, the tool 131y then stands in operative position relative to the work; and when the block 204 is moved toward the right hand limit of its movement in the slideway, the tool is withdrawn far enough from the work to prevent its contact with the work when the tool carrier is moved upwardly after a cutting operation. It is preferred that the tool be thus withdrawn by moving the block 204 toward the right'in yFig. 8, by automatic means arranged to operate at some time between the completion o a downward cutting movement of the tool carrier and that stage in its upward movement at which the tool might contact with the work.

To suit these purposes the block 204 is right in Fi The tool carprovided (see Fig. 12) with a cam slot 205 the block 204 the latter is cammed to the tooll relative y to the w0rk. To provide for automatically operating the rod- 207- in the manner just suggested, said rod 207 (Fig. 2) is extended upwardly through an ear 208 projecting from the main frame casting, and above said ear 208 the rod 207 carries an adjustable collar 209, while below said ear 208 the rod carries a second' adjustable collar 210. During the downward` movement ofthe tool carrying bar 51 and the tool carrier 50, the'rod 207 travels withthe tool carrier base 122 until the upper collar 209 strikes the stationary ear 208 whereupon the downward movement of the rod 207 and its cam operating lug 206 is arrested. The adjustment of the collar 209 is such that it arrests the downward movement of the rod 207 after the cutting operation by the tool has been completed and at such a point that a slight further downward movement of the tool carrier base 122 and block 204 will cause the block 204 to be cammed toward the right in Figs. 8 and 12, with the result that the parts stand in the positions shown in Fig. 12 with the block 204 positioned near the right hand extremity of its movement. This operation having au tomatically withdrawn the tool from danger of contact with the work, the ensuin upward movement of the bar 51 and too carrier 50 moves the rod 207 upwardly,while the parts remain in the positionsvshown in Fig. 12, until the lower collar 210 von the rod thereby arrestin the upward movement of 8 and 12, to withdraw the the rod 207. A er the rod 207 thus comes a to rest, a further upward movement of the tool carrier base 122 and block 204 causes said block 204 to be cammed toward the left in Figs. 8 and 12 to return the tool to its previous cutting position. Thereafter thetool may be adjusted to anew cutting position by appropriately rotating the screw 200 by the hand wheel 123 shown in Figs. 1 and 8. In the specific machine the collars 209 and 210 are so adjusted that the described tool withdrawing operation occurs just before the tool carrying bar 51 reaches the limit of its downward movement, and the tool is returned to its previous cutting position just before the tool carrying bar 51 reaches the limit of its upward return movement. With the described arrangememes ment, the machine has not only the capacity" for automatically reversing the movement of the tool carrier 51 and returning it to position for new cutting operation but has also the capacity to withdraw the tool from danger of contact with the work -during the return movement.

Referring again to Fig. 8, the base 142 of the tool carrier 101 is shown as having an integral sleeve 175 which encircles the bar 100 and which may be slit and provided with a tightenin screw 176. An extension 177, from the .s eeve 175, bears agalnst a track 178 on the main upright. casting of the machine and also has an angular face 179 which engages beneath an angular face of the block 135. This engagement of the face 179 with the block 135 serves to hold the extension 177 and the entire tool carrier 101 securely against the main upright casting 130 and that engagement is in substantially direct line withfthe working thrust of the tool as it operates on the work rotated in the direction shown by the arrow 132 in Fig. 8.

Referring to Fig. 1, the belt pulley 46 may be provided with any suitable means for clutching it and unclutching it 4from the main shaft 45.` For example an ex ansion clutch (sec dotted lines, Fig. 4) may e provided in the ulley 46 to e operated by a shi ping handle 180.

n the operation of the machine, the workfor instance the illustrative piston blank shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11-is secured to the spind e 20; the tool carryin bars 51 and 100 and their carriers are placed in proper ad'ustment, as will be understood by those skiiled in the art, the machine is started and the feeding clutch for the tool carrying bar 51 is thrown in by means of the shlp ing lever 89. Thereupon the downwar cutting movement of the tool on the carrier begins and during the course of that movement the'cam 137 governsthe cutting operation of the tools on the carrier 101. This coo eration between the tools is highly desirab e in that. thereby the tools may be relatively timed, automatically, with a precise accuracy and without any reliance upon the attention of the o erator during the cutting. Once the mac ine has been started, its operation will continue, the cuttino' by both tools or sets of tools will proceed to completion, and thereupon the cutting will cease, the tools will be withdrawn from danger of injuring the work, and the tool carrier 51 will be returned automaticall lto its'starting position.

- The foregoin description explains only a single illustratlve embodiment of the invention as used in one illustrative manner. As will be evident to'those skilled in the art, the specific machine may be variously 1. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a ixed substantially horizontal bearing supporting the weight of said spindle and the work and sustaimng them against end thrust, and fixed substantially vertical bearings for said s indle-all said bearings being mounte and stillly braced in frame mem'- bers; a slidablc tool carrying bar substantially vertically disposed; extensive bearm for said tool carrying bar permitting su antially vertical movement of said bar while holding it securely against transverse wear, there being extensive lengths of said bar in said bearings at all times; the respective mountings of said spindle and bar holding their respective axes in fixed relationship and substantially parallel to the direction of yavity; means for vertically moving said ar; and a tool carrier mounted on said bar, and means for relieving said bar from thrust of the work of the tool.A

2. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle and means for rotating it; a tool carrier; and a rigid sup ort for the tool carrier located substantia' ly in a plane tangent to the work at the acting point of the tool.

3. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle and means for rotating it; a tool carrying bar movable endwise in a direction substan` tially parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle; a tool carrier on said bar; an abutment on said tool carrier located substan` tially in a plane tangent to the work at the point of the tool; and a rigid track to support said abutment during the endwise travel of said bar.

4. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a tool carrying bar movable substantially verticall to feed a tool in relatiomto the work, sairI bar having extensive bearings to suport the bar with its axis of-movement 1n ed relationship to the axis of rotation of the spindle; a tool carrier on said bar and It is vico having an abutment substantially in a plane tangent to the work atvthe oint of the tool; and a rigid track for sai abutment, said abutment and said track having extensive ccoperating` beari areas. 5. A machine o the character described .'comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially -substantially vertica vertically and having bearings and a horizontal bearing whereby the tendency of i of the longitudinally moving tool carrier.

Ygravity to cause unsymmetrical Wearof'said movable tool carrier for feedingn-said tool bearlngs is rendered substantially negllgible; slide ,i automatic means for reversing the and a plurality of tool-carriers so located in movement of the bar carrying said longirelationto the spindle as to present toolstudinally movable tool carrier; and autoto the work in oposition to each other Wherematic means for retracting the cutting tools by the Working thrusts of the respective tools during such reversal. e tend to lcompensate and minimize unsym` 10. In a machine of the class described, the metrical Ywear ofl'the spindle onits bearings' combination of the lathe spindle, tool carvertically disposed carrier bars for said tool riers and 1G1,\slide:141, cam 137 and opcarriers having extended vertical bearings; erating devices 158 and 150 for moving said means for relieving said bars from thrust ofk slide bythe movement ofthe tool carrier 50. theY work on the tool; and means to rotate VV11. In a machine otthe class described, the spindle. ,Y the combination of the latheE spindle, tool 6. In a machine of the class described, carriers 50 and 101, slide 141, plunger 144, the combination of a lathe spindle; a tool adjustin screw 146, and means connected carrier movable longitudinally ofthe axis of with Sai Yplunger for moving said slide, said the work; a stationary tool carrier having a means controlled by movementnof the tool lslideY and tool carried thereby, said slide and carrier 50. 1

12. A machine of the character described tool movable transversely of the axis of the Work; a cam carried by said lon itudinally comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle; movable tool carrier; and means gdr moving a tool carrler having a tool supporting slide; said slide on said stationary tool carrier acand; operating means on said carrier' includ'- tuated through saidcam by the movement inga lever for moving said slide; and a second tool carrier having means for directly 7 In a machine of the class described, the actuating said operating means. i combination of a lathe spindle; a tool carrier l A machine of the character described movable longitudinally of the axis of the comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle;

spindle; a toolnarrier having a slide movable a pair of tool carrying bars; a tool carrier transversely of said axis; a tool carried by on each said bar; means supporting said bars said slide; adjusting means associated WithY Substantially parallel 'L0 the Spindle; means said slide; and operating means carried byl for moving one bar endwise; actuating means said. last Ymentioned tol carrier and Worked fOr mVing a?V tool transversely of the other from said longitudinally movable tool carbar; and means for governing said actuating rier for moving said slide through said admeans by said endwisermovement of the other justing means. bar.

VY8. A machine of the class describedcom- 14. A machine of the character described prising, in combination, a vertical lathe comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle spindle having vertical and horizontal beardisposed substantially vertically; a slidable ings; vertical carrier bars having extended Counterwelghted toolcarrying bar disposed vertical bearings', tool carriers mounted on substantially parallel-t0 the Spindle; vertical said bars so located in relation to the spinbearings for said bar; a tool carrier on said dleias to present tools to the work in op-pobar; and means comprising a Yrack on said sition to each other; means for movingone br and Cooperating pinion for moving said saidibar vertically to feedthe corres onding bar substantially' vertically.

toolearrier longitudinally of the iaxls of the 15. machine 0f thehlctcl dBSCbed Spindle; the Opposite toolrcarrier having a comprlslng, 1n comblnation, a lathe spindle transversely movable tool slide; and operatdisposed substantially vertically; a slidable ing means carried by said opposite tool cajrcountervveighted tool carrying bar disposed rier and Conil-@Hed from the longitudinally substantlally vertically; a tool carrier on said movable tol carrier for feeding said tool bar; means Comprising arack on said bar slide. and icooperating pinion for moving said bar 9. A m chine of the class described comendvvise; and. means for automatically freeprising, fn combination, vertical lathe 111g' Sad pnlon to permit reverse endwise spmdle. having vertical and horizontal bearmovement of said bar by its counterweight.

ings; vertical carrier bars having extended l 16.V machine of the character described vertical bearings; tool carriers mounted on Comprlsing, n combination, a lathe spindle said bars so located in relation to the spindisposed substantially vertically; a tool cardle as to present tools to the Work in opporyingfbar disposed substantially vertically; sition toeY each other; means for moving one a tool carrier on said bar; power'means for said bar vertically to feed the corresponding Y moving said bar endwise in one direction; tool carrier longitudinally of the axis of the nmeansfor automatically unclutching said spindle; the opposite tool carrier having a power means to permit reversing the movetransversely movable tool slide; and operatment of said bar at a predetermined point;

ing means carried by said opposite tool'carand independent means .for reversing the rier and controlled from the longitudinally movement of the bar.

17. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle; and a driving mechanism therefor mcludmg a driving shaft anda driven shaft, a sector mounted on one of said shafts, an intermediate gear mounted on said sector, a driving gear on one of said shafts and a driven gear on the other, and means for adjusting said sector on its shaft to mesh the intermediate gear with gears of different sizes on the other shaft; a tool-carrying bar parallel with the spindle; and means driven from said spindle for feeding said tool carrying bar.

18. .A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a tool carrying bar disposed substantially vertically and having bearings disposed substantially vertically; a power shaft having means for moving said bar in its bearings; and means for automatically disconnecting said bar from said power shaft at a predetermined time. l

19. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a spindle disposed substantially vertically; a tool carrying bar mounted for endwise movement in substantially vertical bearings; a counter weight tending to move said bar upwardly;- power means for moving said bar downwardly; and automatic means for disconnecting said bar from said power means at a predetermined time.

20. A machine ofthe character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a tool carrying bar mounted for movement insubstantially vertical bearings; power means for moving said bar endwise in one direction: automatic means for disconnecting said bar from said power means at a predetermined time; and means for moving said bar endwise in the opposite direction when so disconnected from the said power means.

21. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a pair of tool carrying bars disposed substantially vertically, one said bar being) held stationary and the other said bar eing movable endwise; tool carriers mounted on said bars; means for moving a tool on said stationary bar horizontally; and connections with said movable bar for governing the horizontal movement of said tool.

22. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a pair of tool carrying bars disposed substantially vertically, one said bar being held stationary and the other being movable en dwlse; means supportin a tool for horizon-tal movement on sai stationary bar; and connections to the endwise movablebar for causin horizontal movement of said tool.`

23. machine ofthecharacter described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a pair of carrying bars; tool carriers on saidl bars; and means for rigidly supporting said carriers substantiall in planes tangent to thelswork at the points of their respective too 24. A machine of the-character' described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially vertically; a pair of tool carrying bars disposed substantially vertically, one said bar being held stationary and the other being movable endwise; tool carriers fixed on the respective bars; and means for rigidly supporting said tool carriers substantially in planes tangent with the1 work at the points of their respective too s.

`25. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a lathe spindle disposed substantially verticali a tool carrying bar disposed substantial y vertically; a tool carrier on said bar; means for moving said bar endwise in one direction; means for automatically reversing the movement of said bar at a predetermined point; and

means .for automatically withdrawing the tool to avoid injury to the work during said reversing movement. p

26. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a vertical lathe ico spindle; and mechanism for operating said bar from said spindle, including additional -bevel gears, a worm and worm-wheel and clutch-controlled means for operative connection with said bar.

27. A machine'of the class described comprising, in combination, a vertical lathe spindle and tool-carrying bar, said bar slidable in vertical bearings; driving mechanism for said spindle; mechanism for moving said bar including a clutch-controlled gearand shaft, a pinion on said shaft and a rack on said bar; and hand-operated means for operating said shaft when unclutched from sai-d gear to permit adjusting said bar.

28. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, -a vertical lathe les,

spindle and tool carrying bar, said bar slidable in vertical bearings; driving mechanism for said spindle; power means for moving said bar including a clutch-con-v trolled pinion and rack on said bar engaged b said pinion; means for automatically uncliitching said pinion at a predetermined point in the movement of said bar; and means for autqmatically reversing the movement'of said bar.

`spindle and tool-carrying bar, said bar slida'ble in vertical bearlngs; ower means for moving said bar downwar means for 'automatically disconnecting said bar from sald power means at a predetermined oint in its movement; and a counterweight or quicklyy lifting said bar.

30. A machineof the class described comprising, in combination, a vertical lathe spindle and tool-carrying bar, said bar slidable in vertical bearings; power means for movin said bar downward; means controlle by said bar for automatically disconnecting said bar from said power means; a counterweight for lifting said bar; and means for automatically withdrawing the tool to avoid Vinjury to the work during the liftin of the bar.

31. he combination with a Vertical lathe spindle, vertically slidable tool-carrying bar, and means for moving and automatically reversing the movement of said bar, of a tool-carrier mounted on said bar having the screw-adjusted tool slide and movable block 204, the vertically movable rod 207, and stops for said rod, said rod and block cooperating to withdraw and protract the tool at predetermined points in the movement and reverse movement of said bar.

32. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a vertical lathe spindle and tool-carrying bar, said bar slidable in vertical bearings; driving mechanism for said spindle including a removable gear and provision for adjusting the remainder of said mechanism to suit different sizes of removable gears; and mechanism driven from said spindle, including inter^ meshing gears 60, 70, adapted to be replaced by gears of dierent sizes, for moving said bar. 4

33. The combination of a vertical lathe spindle; a pair of vertically-slidable toolcarrying bars power means including a horizontal shaft; loose pinions thereon; racks on said bars engaged by said' pinions; and clutches for said pinions; whereby said power meansy may be operatively connected with either of said bars.

34. The combination of .ya vert-ical lathe spindle; a pair of vertically-slidablc toolcarrying bars; power means including a clutch-controlled horizontal shaft; clutchcontrolled pinionsvon said shaft; racks on said bars engaged by said pinions; and independent hand-operated means for turning said shaft.

35.E The combination of a vertical spindle; vertically-slidable tool-carrying bar; clutchcontrolled means for moving said bar; a clutch latch; means operated by said bar for releasing said latch; and a counterwcight for raising said bar.

36. The combination with disposed spindle, and vertical bearings for said spindle and bar, of a tool-carrier abutment 127, the rigid track 128 and bar 139.

In testimony whereof, We have signed our names to this specification.

PERCY M. FOVL. HERMAN W. ZIMMERMAN,

the vertically slidable tool-carrying bar 

